Recount Text
Understanding:
Understanding:
Recount adalah teks yang menyampaikan serentetan peristiwa/ kejadian /pengalaman yang terjadi pada waktu lampau. Kadangkala recount juga bermaksud untuk menghibur pembaca.
Generic Structure:
—Orientation (penjelasan awal):
Berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana).
—Event(s):
Merupakan kejadian-kejadian yang ada. Boleh terdiri dari satu kejadian.
—Reorientation / Conclusion:
Berisi tentang penjelasan kembali atau hasil dari cerita/akhir.
Tenses yang digunakan yaitu Past Tense, baik simple maupun continous.
Example:
On Thursday 24 April, Eight students went to the Botanic Gardens. We walked down and got into the bus.
After we arrived at the gardens, we walked down to the Education Centre. We went to have a look around. First we went to the Orchid Farm and Mrs. Rita read us some of the information. Then we looked at all the lovely plants. After that we went down to a little spot in the Botanic Gardens and had morning tea. Next we took some pictures and then we went back to the Education Centre to have lunch. After that we went for a walk.
A lady took us around and introduced herself, then she explained what we were going to do. Next she took us in to the green house. It was most interesting.
Soon after we had finished we went back outside. Finally we got into the bus and returned to school. We were tired but happy.
Narrative Text
Generic Structure:
•Orientation
–Berisi tentang pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
•Complication
–Berisi puncak masalah/konflik dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh memiliki complication lebih dari satu
•Evaluation (optional)
•Resolution
–Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan bisa pula berakhir dengan kesedihan
Tenses yang digunakan yaitu Present Tense, baik simple maupun continous.
Tenses yang digunakan yaitu Present Tense, baik simple maupun continous.
Contoh Text:
The Story of Sangkuriang and Tangkuban Perahu Mountain
Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.
Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.
Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.
She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.
Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.
Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.
She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.
Procedure Text
Understanding:
Kind of text which teaches on how to make something completely.
Procedure text is dominantly structured with imperative sentence since it actuallyan instruction.Kind of text which teaches on how to make something completely.
Procedure text usually explain the ingredient or material which is need, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text will explain step by step how to make the thing.
First of all, mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.
Passive Voice
Usage:
Express things done by someone (menyatakan hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh seseorang).
Pattern:
Untuk bentuk kalimat yang 'simple' gunakan rumus:
Subject + Tobe (is,am,are,was,were,been,be) + V3
Untuk bentuk kalimat yang 'continues' gunakan rumus:
Subject + Tobe + Being + V3
*ketika ingin mengubah sebuah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif, hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah jenis kalimat tersebut berbentuk simple atau continues, hal ini mempengaruhi dalam rumus / pattern yang akan digunakan, lalu analisa pula Verb / kata kerja yang ada, jika berbentuk V1 maka gunakanlah tobe 'present' yaitu 'is, am, are', jika V2 maka gunakanlah tobe 'past' yaitu 'was & were', jika perfect (have/has/had + V3) maka gunakanlah tobe 'perfect' yaitu 'been', dan jika di dalamnya ada MODALS (will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must) gunakanlah tobe MODALS yaitu 'be'.
Examples:
1. Father gave some money to me (Verb 2; simple past)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
Some money was given to me by Father.
2. Dhani loves Shinta (Verb 1; simple present)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
Shinta is loved by Dhani.
3. Teacher is giving some examinations (Present Continues)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
Some examinations are being given by the teacher.
4. Mother can make a delicious cake (Modals)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
A delicious cake can be made by mother.
Analytical Exposition
Purpose:
To persuade the readers or listener that something is the case.
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis : Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2. Arguments : Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position
3. Reiteration : Restating the writer's position.
Example:
I believe that you should always wear a hat at school when you are playing outside , to keep from getting sunburn .
Example:
Making Meatballs, What you need for the ingredients..
Ingredients:
Ingredients:
›1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef)
›2 eggs
›300 grams of tapioca-flour
›4-8 cloves of garlic
›1 red onion
›1 teaspoon of white pepper
›2 teaspoons of salt
The steps to make meatballs
These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball, the soup is made separately.
First of all, mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the minced meat.
After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth.
Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.
Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.
Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.
Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface the meatball are ready to serve.
Passive Voice
Usage:
Express things done by someone (menyatakan hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh seseorang).
Pattern:
Untuk bentuk kalimat yang 'simple' gunakan rumus:
Subject + Tobe (is,am,are,was,were,been,be) + V3
Untuk bentuk kalimat yang 'continues' gunakan rumus:
Subject + Tobe + Being + V3
*ketika ingin mengubah sebuah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif, hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah jenis kalimat tersebut berbentuk simple atau continues, hal ini mempengaruhi dalam rumus / pattern yang akan digunakan, lalu analisa pula Verb / kata kerja yang ada, jika berbentuk V1 maka gunakanlah tobe 'present' yaitu 'is, am, are', jika V2 maka gunakanlah tobe 'past' yaitu 'was & were', jika perfect (have/has/had + V3) maka gunakanlah tobe 'perfect' yaitu 'been', dan jika di dalamnya ada MODALS (will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must) gunakanlah tobe MODALS yaitu 'be'.
Examples:
1. Father gave some money to me (Verb 2; simple past)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
Some money was given to me by Father.
2. Dhani loves Shinta (Verb 1; simple present)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
Shinta is loved by Dhani.
3. Teacher is giving some examinations (Present Continues)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
Some examinations are being given by the teacher.
4. Mother can make a delicious cake (Modals)
bentuk pasifnya menjadi:
A delicious cake can be made by mother.
Analytical Exposition
Purpose:
To persuade the readers or listener that something is the case.
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis : Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2. Arguments : Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position
3. Reiteration : Restating the writer's position.
Example:
Should Children Wear Hats At School?
I believe that you should always wear a hat at school when you are playing outside , to keep from getting sunburn .
Firstly, if you don't wear a hat, you will get sunburn and a sunburn is painful.
Secondly, sunburn could lead to skin cancer. Sunburn can lead to health problems later in life. Many older people suffer from skin cancer which can kill them.
In my opinion all school students should wear hats.
In my opinion all school students should wear hats.
Laptop as Student's Friend
Conventionally, students need book, pen, eraser, drawing book, ruler and such other stuff. Additionally, in this multimedia era, students need more to reach their progressive development. Students need mobile keyboards to record every presented subject easily. Of course it will need more cost but it will deserve for its function.
First, modern schools tend to apply fast transferring knowledge because the school needs to catch the target of curriculum. Every subject will tend to be given in demonstrative method. Consequently students need extra media cover the subject. Since there is a laptop on every students' desk, this method will help student to get better understanding.
First, modern schools tend to apply fast transferring knowledge because the school needs to catch the target of curriculum. Every subject will tend to be given in demonstrative method. Consequently students need extra media cover the subject. Since there is a laptop on every students' desk, this method will help student to get better understanding.
Secondly, finding an appropriate laptop is not difficult as it was. Recently there is an online shop which provides comprehensive information. The best is that the shop has service of online shopping. The students just need to brows that online shop, decide which computer or laptop they need, then complete the transaction. After that the laptop will be delivered to the students' houses. That is really easy and save time and money.
From all of that, having mobile computer is absolutely useful for students who want to catch the best result for their study. Buying laptop online is advisable because it will cut the price. This online way is recommended since online shop also provide several laptop types. Students just need to decide which type they really need.
"Kalau aja gue jadi seorang cewek...pasti gue udah pake rok..."
Berarti fakta yang ada gue bukanlah cewek alias gue cowok..dan gue mencoba untuk berandai-andai jikalau gue jadi cewek..
Nah ini yang bakal di If Conditional.
Dalam If Clause...terdapat 3 tipe:
Tipe I : Dimana kita berandai-andai tentang hal yang ada di masa depan atau yang akan datang..
Contoh:
Ani : "Tom.. tomorrow I'll held a farewell party, would you come?"
Tom: "If it doesn't rain, I will come."
Tom di atas menyatakan kemungkinannya untuk datang jika besok tidak hujan..
Nah dalam tipe I ini kita gak bisa tau apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang, makanya di tipe I ini gak ada faktanya, kita gak bisa menyimpulkan apa faktanya, yang hanya bisa kita simpulkan hanyalah pengandaiannya aja..
Tipe I ini rumus yang digunakan adalah Simple Present Tense
Tipe II : Dimana kita berandai-andai tentang hal yang terjadi pada masa sekarang.
Contoh:
(fact) "I am not Syahrini, I don't kiss David Beckham"
(if) "if I were Syahrini, I would kiss David Becham"
Tenses yang digunakan pada bentuk fact adalah present sedangkan perubahannya (if) ke dalam bentuk past.
NB: dalam pengandaian (if) past, tobe yang digunakan adalah "were" untuk semua subject.
Tipe III : Dimana kita berandai-andai tentang masa yang telah lewat, seringkali dikatakan sebagai tipe "penyesalan".
Contoh:
(fact) "I didn't study hard, I didn't pass the exam."
(if) " If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam."
Tenses yang digunakan pada bentuk fact adalah past sedangkan perubahannya menjadi past perfect.
NB: ingat, jika fakta berupa kalimat positif, maka pengandaiannya berupa kalimat negatif, begitu juga sebaliknya...
(sukses)...
From all of that, having mobile computer is absolutely useful for students who want to catch the best result for their study. Buying laptop online is advisable because it will cut the price. This online way is recommended since online shop also provide several laptop types. Students just need to decide which type they really need.
If Clause / If Conditional
"Kalau aja gue jadi seorang cewek...pasti gue udah pake rok..."
Berarti fakta yang ada gue bukanlah cewek alias gue cowok..dan gue mencoba untuk berandai-andai jikalau gue jadi cewek..
Nah ini yang bakal di If Conditional.
Dalam If Clause...terdapat 3 tipe:
Tipe I : Dimana kita berandai-andai tentang hal yang ada di masa depan atau yang akan datang..
Contoh:
Ani : "Tom.. tomorrow I'll held a farewell party, would you come?"
Tom: "If it doesn't rain, I will come."
Tom di atas menyatakan kemungkinannya untuk datang jika besok tidak hujan..
Nah dalam tipe I ini kita gak bisa tau apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang, makanya di tipe I ini gak ada faktanya, kita gak bisa menyimpulkan apa faktanya, yang hanya bisa kita simpulkan hanyalah pengandaiannya aja..
Tipe I ini rumus yang digunakan adalah Simple Present Tense
Tipe II : Dimana kita berandai-andai tentang hal yang terjadi pada masa sekarang.
Contoh:
(fact) "I am not Syahrini, I don't kiss David Beckham"
(if) "if I were Syahrini, I would kiss David Becham"
Tenses yang digunakan pada bentuk fact adalah present sedangkan perubahannya (if) ke dalam bentuk past.
NB: dalam pengandaian (if) past, tobe yang digunakan adalah "were" untuk semua subject.
Tipe III : Dimana kita berandai-andai tentang masa yang telah lewat, seringkali dikatakan sebagai tipe "penyesalan".
Contoh:
(fact) "I didn't study hard, I didn't pass the exam."
(if) " If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam."
Tenses yang digunakan pada bentuk fact adalah past sedangkan perubahannya menjadi past perfect.
NB: ingat, jika fakta berupa kalimat positif, maka pengandaiannya berupa kalimat negatif, begitu juga sebaliknya...
(sukses)...
